Malware & Ransomware Basics
Malware is harmful software designed to steal data, spy on you, or damage devices. Ransomware is malware that locks your files and demands payment.
Common malware types
Examples
- Virus: spreads and damages files/programs
- Spyware: secretly monitors activity (passwords, messages)
- Trojan: looks legit but is malicious
- Ransomware: encrypts files and demands money
- Adware: forces unwanted ads and tracking
Typical infection routes
Fake downloads, cracked software, email attachments, malicious links, and infected USB drives.
How to protect yourself
- Install apps only from trusted sources
- Keep your OS and apps updated
- Use antivirus/defender and run scans
- Don’t open unexpected attachments
Key takeaways
- Malware = harmful software; ransomware locks files for money
- Most infections happen through unsafe downloads/attachments
- Updates + trusted sources reduce risk massively
- Backups are the best defence against ransomware